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Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) that might prove valuable for the early management of COVID-19 due to its immunomodulatory effects. In SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, cytokine storm appears important to the pathogenesis of several severe manifestations of COVID-19, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, thromboembolic events, such as acute ischemic strokes caused by large vessel occlusion and myocardial infarction, vasculitis, acute kidney injury, and encephalitis (Kawasaki-like syndrome in children and renal vasculitis in adult). Critically ill COVID-19 patients suffering from cytokine storm are found to have a worse prognosis and increased mortality rate. The phenomenon has been linked to critically ill subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus implicated in COVID-19. Ĭytokine storm is an acute hyperinflammatory response that may be accountable for critical illness in many situations, including viral infections, sepsis, cancer, and multi-organ failure.

No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing both groups together in terms of serum ferritin level ( p =0.570), serum IL-6 level ( p =0.580), and CRP level ( p =0.401).Īlthough established theories suggest an immune-inflammatory model of the pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a better understanding of the pathogenesis would eventually lead to an improvement in the treatment protocols, as well as the control of this pandemic. Regarding secondary outcomes, statistically, significant differences were reported between the study’s groups in terms of the mean number of patients transferred to the ICU in IG compared to the CG ( p =0.0.047) and duration of hospitalization ( p =0.013), with no significant differences ( p > 0.9999) in the occurrence of side effects.Ĭoncerning the follow-up of the cytokine storm marker, there was a statistically significant reduction in serum cytokine marker compared to the baseline value ( P < 0.05) in the same group. Statistically significant differences were reported between both groups in terms of improvement in cough symptoms and lymphopenia in IG compared to CG ( p= 0.034 and p= 0.044, respectively).

The average age of the included patients was almost 41 years. One hundred eighty patients with moderate case of COVID-19 disease were divided in a 1: 1 ratio to receive ibuprofen (IG) or paracetamol (CG).

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